ADDITIVES AND OTHER CHEMICALS
Food additives are considered substances of exactly known chemical composition, which are not consumed as food, nor are typical food ingredients, regardless of nutritional value, but are added to food in order to improve its technological and sensory properties. Additives are supplemented to food and beverages in the food industry, and some additives are also used in the pharmaceutical industry. These substances are used mostly to improve color, taste and smell, and preservation. Additives are added to food during the technological process of production, during preparation, processing, design, packaging, transport and storage.
These supplements (additives) to food are usually denoted by using E - numbers and these numbers are unique and accurately determined for each compound. On the declaration label we can find information on additives in the form of E - numbers. These numbers refer to the artificial and natural additives which are authorized by the European Union, and they have also been approved in Croatia by "Regulations on additives found in food."
There are many articles appearing in the newspapers whose purpose is to advise consumers on a variety of food additives. However, most of the articles are of sensationalistic quality presenting only half-truths. All E – number designated additives have been carefully examined. If any supplements are really harmful then their use is limited by regulation or completely prohibited. F some other additives are proven to be harmful then they will be banned or a replacement will be found.
What matters are the quantities of additives added to food, that is, consumed. All additives are safe if consumed in prescribed quantities. Laws strictly control these things and this is regulated by the Rules of additives that can be found in food, which is published in the Official Gazette No. 130/98, 122/00 and 129/03.
Some supplements have been proven harmful, for example nitrates. But the risk of the presence of nitrate in meat products is much lower than in rotten meat (botulism), and the case is similar with all the other preservatives. All foods are perishable goods of very limited duration, particularly when it comes to food of animal origin.
The purpose of adding preservatives is to stabilize the product, to prolong their sustainability; and prevent food from microbiological contamination and spoilage.
Svrha dodavanja konzervansa je stabiliziranje proizvoda, produženje njihove održljivosti i prevencija kvarenja odnosno mikrobiološke kontaminacije.
The best-known preservative, which is also the least dangerous, is table salt, which is usually not named a chemical additive, but it actually is (NaCl), as well as vinegar, sugar, sorbates and the like are.
The biggest threat are a group of preservatives used to preserve color and freshness of meat products (nitrates, nitrites) as they can be converted (under the influence of intestinal microflora) in toxic and carcinogenic compounds (nitrosamine, methemoglobin).
Those who consume meat preserved in brine or smoked or who consume pickled fish, must be aware that they will ingest certain amount of these additives in the meal, which when taken under normal circumstances and in normal amounts should have no detrimental effects to health.
There are also cases when for the sake of increasing profit unauthorized substances are added in quantities well over prescribed limits. It doesn’t matter if it is completely non-toxic starch added to meat products or hazardous glycol in wine. Such procedures are prohibited and of course they will never be listed on the label, which is the case of abuse of additives. Even in the countryside, where food is supposedly healthy, we can find antifreeze in wine, red lead in grounded paprika, blue vitriol added to cucumbers, sugar in brandy, especially traces of pesticides.
Food processed in industry is subject to strict control, but what kind of inspection and tests are conducted over food that is sold in the green market, which, as we are assured by vendors, is healthy and chemical-free?
Additives (preservatives) protect us from the worst i.e. contaminated and spoilt foods.
Quoted from: http://www.hzjz.hr/zdr_ekologija/priopcenja/aditivi/
Food Additives – IS OUR HEALTH UNDER THREAT?
mr. sc. Marijan Katalenić
Croatian Institute for Public Health
People react with fear, discomfort when encoountering something uncommon, unfamiliar which seldom lead to complete denial no matter what it is. Over the past several years an article calling for caution or avoiding the consumption of foods containing certain food additives has been in circulation. Even though the author is unknown, copies of the said article appear in newspapers and are frequently cited. The article lists sources (one of them beng Department of Pediatrics and Oncology from Dusseldorf) although such an incompetent and superficial pamphlet could not have been written by those who really do care about health.
But in spite of all this, it is a good occasion as any to say something about food additives without commenting the said pamphlet. This will be clearer if we comment on the fact that the E330, citric acid, present in most fruits and vegetables, is the likely cause of inflammation of the mouth, as the most dangerous supplement can also cause cancer, but of what?
E numbers
E number name basic functional property, technological effect and other properties
E100 Curcumin
E101 Riboflavin or lactoflavin
E102 Tartrazine
E104 Quinoline Yellow
E110 Sunset Yellow
E120 Cochineal
E122 Carmoisine
E123 Amaranth
E124 Ponceau 4R
E127 Erythrosine
E128 Red 2G
E129 Allura Red AC
E131 Patent Blue V
E132 Indigo Carmine
E133 Brilliant Blue
E140 Chlorophyll
E141 Copper complex of Chlorophyll
E142 Green S
E150 Caramel
E150b Caustic sulphite caramel
E150c Ammonia caramel
E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel
E151 Black PN
E153 Carbon Black/Vegetable Carbon
E154 Brown FK
E155 Chocolate Brown HT
E160 a - f Carotenoids
E160a Alpha-, Beta, Gamma-carotenes
E160b Annatto
E160c Paprika extract; Capsanthian; Capsorubin
E160d Lycopene
E160e Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C30)
E160f Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid (C30)
E161 a: g Xanthrophylls
E161b Lutein
E161g Canthaxanthin
E162 Betanin (Beetroot Red)
E163 Anthocyanins
E170 Calcium Carbonate (Chalk)
E170 Calcium carbonates
E171 Titanium dioxide
E172 Iron oxide
E173 Aluminium
E174 Silver
E175 Gold
E180 Litholrubine BK
E200 Sorbic Acid
E201 Sodium Sorbate
E202 Potassium Sorbate
E203 Calcium Sorbate
E210 Benzoic Acid
E211 Sodium Benzoate
E212 Potassium Benzoate
E213 Calcium Benzoate
E214 Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate
E214-219 Hydroxy Benzoate salts
E215 Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate
E216 Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
E217 Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
E218 Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
E219 Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
E220 Sulfur Dioxide
E221 Sodium sulphite
E222 Sodium Hydrogen Sulphite/Bisulphite
E223 Sodium Metabisulphite
E224 Potassium metabisulphite
E226 Calcium sulphite
E227 Calcium hydrogen sulphite
E228 Potassium hydrogen sulphite
E230 Biphenyl; diphenyl
E231 Orthophenyl phenol
E232 Sodium orthophenyl phenol
E234 Nisin
E235 Natamycin
E239 Hexamethylene tetramine
E242 Dimethyl dicarbonate
E249 Potassium Nitrite
E250 Sodium Nitrite
E250 Sodium nitrite
E251 Sodium Nitrate
E252 Potassium Nitrate
E260 Acetic Acid
E260 Acetic acid
E261 Potassium acetate
E262 Sodium acetate
E263 Calcium acetate
E270 Lactic Acid
E270 Lactic acid
E280 Propionic Acid
E281 Sodium Propionate
E282 Calcium Propionate
E283 Potassium Propionate
E284 Boric acid
E285 Sodium tetraborate; borax
E290 Carbon Dioxide
E290 Carbon dioxide
E296 Malic acid
E297 Fumaric Acid
E300 L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
E301 Sodium L-Ascorbate
E302 Calcium L-Ascorbate
E304 Ascorbyl Palmitate
E306 Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
E307 Synthetic Alpha Tocopherol
E308 Synthetic Gamma Tocopherol
E309 Synthetic Delta Tocopherol
E310 Propyl Gallate
E311 Octyl Gallate
E312 Dodecyl Gallate
E315 Erythorbic acid
E316 Sodium erythorbate
E320 Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)
E321 Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT)
E322 Lecithins
E325 Sodium lactate
E326 Potassium Lactate
E327 Calcium Lactate
E330 Citric Acid
E331 Sodium Citrate
E332 Potassium Citrate
E333 Calcium Citrate
E334 Tartaric Acid
E335 Sodium L-Tartrate
E336 Potassium L-Tartrate (Cream of Tartar)
E337 Sodium potassium tartrate
E338 Phosphoric acid
E339 Sodium phosphates
E340 Potassium phosphates
E341 Calcium Orthophosphates (Pyrophosphates)
E341 Calcium Phosphate
E343 Magnesium phosphates
E350 Sodium malates
E351 Potassium malate
E352 Calcium malates
E353 Metatartaric acid
E354 Calcium tartrate
E355 Adipic acid
E356 Sodium adipate
E357 Potassium adipate
E363 Succinic acid
E380 Triammonium citrate
E385 Calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate; calcium disodium EDTA
E400 Alginic Acid
E401 Sodium Alginate
E402 Potassium alginate
E403 Ammonium alginate
E404 Calcium alginate
E405 Propane-1,2-diol alginate
E406 Agar
E407 Carrageenan (Irish Moss)
E407a Processed eucheuma seaweed
E410 Locust Bean Gum (Carob Bean Seed Gum)
E412 Guar Gum (Cluster Bean Gum)
E413 Tragacanth
E414 Acacia (Gum Arabic)
E415 Xanthan Gum
E416 Karaya gum
E417 Tara gum
E418 Gellan gum
E420 Sorbitol
E421 Mannitol
E422 Glycerol
E422 Glycerine
E425 Konjac
E431 Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate
E432 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate; Polysorbate 20
E433 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate; Polysorbate 80
E434 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate; Polysorbate 40
E435 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate; Polysorbate 60
E436 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate; Polysorbate 65
E440 (a) Pectin
E440 (b) Amidated Pectin
E442 Ammonium phosphatides
E444 Sucrose acetate isobutyrate
E445 Glycerol esters of wood rosins
E450 (a-c) Sodium and Potassium Phosphate salts
E451 Triphosphates
E452 Polyphosphates
E459 Beta-cyclodextrin
E460 Cellulose
E461 Methylcellulose
E463 Hydroxypropyl cellulose
E464 Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
E465 Ethylmethylcellulose
E466 Carboxymethylcellulose
E467 Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose
E468 Crosslinked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose
E469 Enzymatically hydrolysed carboxy methyl cellulose
E470 Sodium, Potassium and Calcium Salts of Fatty Acids
E471 Mono and Diglycerides of Fatty Acid
E471 (a-e) Acid reactions with E471:
(a) Acetic
(b) Lactic
(c) Citric
(d) Tartaric
(e) Diacetyl Tartaric
E472a Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
E472b Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
E472c Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
E472d Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
E472e Mono- and diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
E472f Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
E473 Sucrose esters of fatty acids
E474 Sucroglycerides
E475 Polyglycerol Ester of Fatty Acids
E476 Polyglycerol polyricinoleate
E477 Propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids
E479b Thermally oxidised soya bean oil interacted with mono and diglycerides of fatty acids
E481 Sodium Stearoyl-2-lactylate
E482 Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate
E483 Stearyl tartrate
E491 Sorbitan monostearate
E492 Sorbitan tristearate
E493 Sorbitan monolaurate
E494 Sorbitan monooleate
E495 Sorbitan monopalmitate
E500 Sodium Bicarbonate/ Hydrogen Carbonate (Bicarb of Soda)
E501 Potassium carbonates
E503 Ammonium carbonates
E504 Magnesium Carbonate
E507 Hydrochloric acid
E508 Potassium Chloride
E509 Calcium Chloride
E511 Magnesium chloride
E512 Stannous chloride
E513 Sulphuric acid
E514 Sodium sulphates
E515 Potassium sulphates
E516 Calcium sulphate
E517 Ammonium sulphate
E520 Aluminium sulphate
E521 Aluminium sodium sulphate
E522 Aluminium potassium sulphate
E523 Aluminium ammonium sulphate
E524 Sodium hydroxide
E525 Potassium hydroxide
E526 Calcium hydroxide
E527 Ammonium hydroxide
E528 Magnesium hydroxide
E529 Calcium oxide
E530 Magnesium oxide
E535 Sodium ferrocyanide
E536 Potassium ferrocyanide
E538 Calcium ferrocyanide
E541 Sodium Aluminium Phosphate
E551 Silicon Dioxide (Silica)
E552 Calcium Silicate
E553 Sodium Silico Aluminate/ magnesium silicate
E554 Sodium aluminium silicate
E555 Potassium aluminium silicate
E556 Aluminium calcium silicate
E558 Bentonite
E559 Aluminium silicate; Kaolin
E570 Fatty acids
E574 Gluconic acid
E575 Glucono delta-lactone
E576 Sodium gluconate
E577 Potassium gluconate
E578 Calcium gluconate
E579 Ferrous gluconate
E585 Ferrous lactate
E620 L-Glutamic Acid
E621 Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)
E622 Monopotassium Glutamate
E623 Calcium Glutamate
E624 Monoammonium glutamate
E625 Magnesium diglutamate
E626 Guanylic acid
E627 Sodium Guanylate
E628 Dipotassium guanylate
E629 Calcium guanylate
E630 lnosinic acid
E631 Sodium Inosinate
E632 Dipotassium inosinate
E633 Calcium inosinate
E634 Calcium 5'-ribonucleotides
E635 Sodium-5-Ribonucleotide
E640 Glycine and its sodium salt
E650 Zinc acetate
E900 Dimethylpolysiloxane
E901 Beeswax, white and yellow
E902 Candelilla wax
E903 Carnauba wax
E904 Shellac
E905 Microcrystalline wax
E912 Montan acid esters
E914 Oxidised Polyethylene wax
E920 L-Cysteine
E927 Azodicarbonamide
E927b Carbamide
E938 Argon
E939 Helium
E941 Nitrogen
E942 Nitrous oxide
E943a Butane
E943b Iso-butane
E944 Propane
E948 Oxygen
E949 Hydrogen
E950 Acesulfame K
E951 Aspartame
E951 Aspartame
E952 Cyclamic acid and its Na and Ca salts
E953 lsomalt
E954 Saccharin
E957 Thaumatin
E959 Neohesperidine DC
E965 Glucose (hydrogenated) or Maltitol
E966 Lactitol
E967 Xylitol
E999 Quillaia extract
E1103 Invertase
E1105 Lysozyme
E1200 Polydextrose
E1200 Polydextrose
E1201 Polyvinylpyrrolidone
E1202 Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
E1400-1414 Starches
E1404 Oxidised starch
E1410 Monostarch phosphate
E1412 Distarch phosphate
E1413 Phosphated distarch phosphate
E1414 Acetylated starch
E1420 Acetylated Starch
E1422 Acetylated distarch adipate
E1440 Hydroxyl propyl starch
E1442 Hydroxy propyl distarch phosphate
E1450 Starch sodium octenyl succinate
E1451 Acetylated oxidised starch
E1505 Triethyl citrate
E1518 Glyceryl triacetate; triacetin
E1520 Propylene Glycol
List of additives without E numbers
(they are mostly listed as aids in the production process except those substances used as foaming deterrents)
Copper
copper chromate
copper chromite
Iron sulfate
Manganese
Molybdenum
Nickel
Palladium
Platinum
Potassium metal
Potassium methoxide ( methoxide )
Potassium ethoxide ( ethoxide )
sodium amide
Sodium ethylene (sodium ethoxide )
sodium metal
Trifluoromethane sulfonic acid
zirconium
Ammonium
Ammonium bisulfate
Sodium metabisulfite
Sodium methoxide
Absorbing clay (, natural or activated soil)
Albumin
Clormetilirated aminated styrene- divinylbenzene resin
diatomaceous soil
Divinylbenzene - ethylvinylbenzene copolymer
Fuller’s soil
Caoline
Maleic acid and poly Na-polimaleat
Polyacrylamide / sodium acrylate copolymer, poly
magnesium acetate
Diclorofluoro methane
Diclorodifluoro methane
Oxsistearin
Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate
Perlite
Polymaleic acid and sodium polymaleate
Vegetable carbon (activated)
Wood dust
Octadecyl ammonium acetate solution (in ammonium chloride)
sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Methyl glucoside ester of coconut oil
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Sodium xylene sulfonate
Acrylate-acrylamide resin
Dried fish bladder
Complexes of soluble aluminum salts and phosphoric acid
Dimethylamine-epichlorohydrin copolymer
Dried and pulverized blood plasma
Modified acrylamide resin
Polyacrylic acid and its salts
polyacrylamide
Completely hydrolyzed copolymers of methyl acrylate and divinylbenzene
Completely hydrolyzed copolymers of methyl (or styrene) and acrylonitrile divinylbenzene
Methyl acrylate-divinylbenzendietilen glycol divinyl ether terpolymer (and variations)
Cross-linked polystirene (first chloromethylated and then aminated with trimethylamine, dimethylamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine)
Diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine crosslinked with epichlorohydrin
Epichlorohydrin crosslinked with ammonia
Polystyrene-divinylbenzene crosslinked with trimethylammonium groups
The reaction resin mixture of formaldehyde, acetone and tetraethylene pentamine
A styrene-divinylbenzene crosslinked copolymer, first chloromethylated and then aminated with dimethylamine, and oxidized with hydrogen peroxide, of which the resin does not contain more than 15% of vinyl N, N-dimethylbenzylamine-N-oxide and no more than 6, 5% nitrogen.
Sulfite-modified cross-linked phenol-formaldehyde with the resulting modification of the sulfonic acid groups in the side chains
Sulfonated anthracite coal (spec. Fineness)
The sulfonated copolymer of styrene and divinyl benzene
Polyethylene-polystyrene modified by a reaction with a base klormetileterom, and then aminated trimethylamine, dimethylethanolamine or diethylenetriamine
Polymers and polyethylene - polystyrene modified by reaction with a base and subsequently klormetileterom aminated with trimethylamine, dimethylethanolamine or diethylenetriamine
Sulfonated tetrapolymers of styrene, divinylbenzene, and acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate derived from a monomer mixture containing not more than 2% of acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate
Polymers and copolymers that contain the following components: cellulose, polysulfone sulfonated polysulfone, sulfonated polietilensulfon poletilensulfonom, fluoropolymers, polysulfonamide, aliphatic / aromatic polyamides and copolyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, polyacrylonitriles, polystyrene, sulfonated polystyrene, chitin / chitosan and derivatives, polyurea-polyurethanes, polyethers and polyamines
butyl stearate
Castor oil
Ethoxylated mono and diglycerides
Acetic acid ester of mono and diglycerides of fatty acids
Fats and waxes plant and animal origin
Fatty acids of tallow, cottonseed oil and soybean oil
Oxidable polymerized soybean oil
Partially hydrogenated vegetable oil
Polyglycerol esters of dimer fatty acids of soya bean oil
polyglycerol polilinoleat
Stearates (calcium, aluminum, potassium and sodium)
Plant triglycerides
hypochlorite
iodophors
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Laktoperoksid system (lactoperoxidase, glucose oxidase, thiocyanate salts)
disodium cijanoditioamidokarbonat
Disodium ethylene bis dithiocarbamate
ethylenediamine
N-alkyl (C12-C16) dimethyl benzyl chloride
nitric acid
peracetic acid
Potassium-N-methyldithiocarbamate
propylene oxide
sodium chloride
sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate
chlorine-dioxide
hydrogen peroxide
The brine (the brine)
Glycerol mono-, di- and triacetate
Water
glycerol tributyrate
isobutanol
Acetone (as dimethyl)
butyl acetate
ethyl acetate
dichloromethane
Ethyl methyl ketone (butanone)
Butan-1-ol
Butan-2-ol
hexane
Methyl
cyclohexane
diethyl ether
isobutane
Methylpropan-1-ol
A mixture of alkylene oxide, alkyl alcohols and fatty acids
The mixture of aliphatic acid (valeric, caproic, caprylic, pelargonic and)
alpha.-alkyl-omega-hydroxy-polyoxyethylene
Dialkanoamin
dithiocarbamate
ethylene dichloride
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
oleic acid
Linear undecilbenzensulfonska acid
monoethanol amine
Monoethanol 8%
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulphate
sodium hypochlorite
Na-naphthalenemethyl sulfonates
triethanolamine
tetrasodium EDTA
organophosphates
Sodium n-alkylbenzene sulfonates
ammonium orthophosphate
potassium bromide
aluminum oxide
ammonium nitrate
alkylene oxide
Acrylic ester with primary and tertiary amino groups
allyl isocyanate
gibberellic acid
Glycerol ester of adipic acid
Methyl glycoside ester of coconut oil is not
Fatty acid soybean oil
Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers and block copolymers
Fatty alcohol glycol ether
Hydrophilic, fatty acyl esters
Methyl glycoside water
Modified higher alcohols
Nonionic alkylene oxide with an emulsifier
oxalic acid
A polyalkylene oxide, in admixture with a fatty kis.kiselinama
A polyethoxylated alcohol, a modified
polyglycol copolymer
potassium giberelat
Sodium polyacrylate - acrylamide resin
Tannic acid with quebracho extract
ammonium nitrate
amyl acetate
calcium sulphate
Coconut oil
glycerol tripropionate
isopropyl alcohol
Lactylated mono esters
magnesium citrate
magnesium tartrate
A mixture of ethylene and propylene oxide, copolymers and esters, castor oil, and polyethylene glycol
A mixture of natural and synthetic fatty acyl derivative with added emulsifiers
polyacrylate
Polyacrylates with carboxylic groups
polyethylene glycol
polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
polyvinyl pyrrolidone
potassium chloride
sodium
sodium hexametaphosphate
sodium polyacrylate
Solution: polyphosphates, polycarboxylic acid salts, polyalkylene glycols, sodium hydroxide
Sorbitan, fatty acyl esters, and polyoxyethylene-20-sorbitan, fatty acyl esters
Sulfonated copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene,
Vegetable fatty acid esters
Acyl (hydrophilic) fatty acid
xylose
alkylene oxide
Coconut oil
Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer
Polyalkylene glikolester fatty acids (with 1-5 moles of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide)
Glycol esters of fatty alcohols
Fatty alcohols (C8-C30)
Hydrogenated coconut oil
Hydrophilic fatty acylesters, straight
a-metilglikozid, the aqueous solution
A mixture of ethylene and propylene oxide, copolymers of esters and castor oil, and polyethylene glycol esters
Nonionic alkylene oxide, of emulsifiers
Oxoalcohol (C8-C30)
A polyalkylene oxide in combination with fatty acids
polyglycol copolymer
Polyoxyethylene esters (C8-C30) fatty acid
Polyoxypropylene esters (C8-C30) fatty acid
Polyoxyethylene esters (C8-C30) oxoalcohol
Polyoxypropylene esters (C8-C30) oxoalcohol
Metilglikozid ester of coconut oil
A mixture of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene esters of (C8-C30) fatty acid
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan acyl ester, and sorbitan fatty acid acyl ester
Surface active agents with neutral carriers
Acyl esters of vegetable fatty acids (hydrophilic)
Polypropylene-polyethylene block polymer
ENZYME PREPARATIONS USED IN FOOD
Alpha - amylase α- amylase TS , rDNA α - amylase maltog . , RDNA α - galactosidase Melibiase immobilized alcohol dehydrogenase Arabino furanosidase Beta - amylase Beta - amylase , r - DNA Beta - glucanase Cellobiase Cellulase Dextranase Endo - beta - glucanase Esterase Exo - alpha - glucosidase Glucoamylase Glucoamylase immobilized Phytase Acid phosphatase |
Phospholipase Glucose - isomerase Glucose oxidase Hemicellulase Inulinase Invertase Isoamylase Lysozyme ( muramidasis ) Lipoxidase Catalase Xylanase Xylanase immobilized Beta - xylosidase Lactase Lactase r - DNA Lipase Lipase r - DNA Lactoperoxidase Macerase Malate dehydrogenase Maltase |
Pectinase Pectin - esterase Pectin - liase Polygalacturonase Protease acid Protease neutral Alkaline protease Subtilisin r - DNA Bromelain Phycine Chymosin Chymosin r - DNA Chymopapain Chymotrypsin Pancreatin ( elastase ) Papain Pepsin trypsin pullulanase Tanazine Nitrate reductase
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